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A single-ion reservoir has been tested, and characterized in order to be usedas a highly sensitive optical detector of electric signals arriving at thetrapping electrodes. Our system consists of a single laser-cooled $^{40}$Ca$^+$ion stored in a Paul trap with rotational symmetry. The performance is observedthrough the axial motion of the ion, which is equivalent to an underdamped andforced oscillator. Thus, the results can be projected also to Penning traps. Wehave found that, for an ion oscillator temperature $T_{\scriptsize{\rmaxial}}\lesssim 10$~mK in the forced-frequency range $\omega_z =2\pi \times(80,200$~kHz), the reservoir is sensitive to a time-varying electric fieldequivalent to an electric force of $5.3(2)$~neV/$\mu $m, for a measured qualityfactor $Q=3875(45)$, and a decay time constant $\gamma_z=88(2)$~s$^{-1}$. Thismethod can be applied to measure optically the strength of an oscillating fieldor induced (driven) charge in this frequency range within times of tens ofmilliseconds. Furthermore the ion reservoir has been proven to be sensitive toelectrostatic forces by measuring the ion displacement. Since the heating rateis below $0.3$~$\mu$eV/s, this reservoir might be used as optical detector forany ion or bunch of charged particles stored in an adjacent trap.

A Single-Ion Reservoir as a High-Sensitive Sensor of Electric Signals