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Arabidopsis thaliana mlo2 mlo6 mlo12  triple mutant plants exhibit complete immunity against infection by otherwise virulent obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi such as  Golovinomyces orontii . While this phenotype is well documented, the interaction profile of the triple mutant with other microbes is underexplored and incomplete. Here, we thoroughly assessed and quantified the infection phenotypes of two independent powdery mildew-resistant triple mutant lines with a range of microbes. These microorganisms belong to three kingdoms of life, engage in diverse trophic lifestyles, and deploy different infection strategies. We found that interactions with microbes that do not directly enter leaf epidermal cells were seemingly unaltered or showed even enhanced microbial growth or symptom formation in the  mlo2 mlo6 mlo12  triple mutants, as shown for  Pseudomonas syringae  and  Fusarium oxysporum . By contrast, the  mlo2 mlo6 mlo12  triple mutants exhibited reduced host cell entry rates by  Colletotrichum higginsianum , a fungal pathogen showing direct penetration of leaf epidermal cells comparable to  G. orontii . Together with previous findings, the results of this study strengthen the notion that mutations in genes  MLO2 ,  MLO6  and  MLO12  not only restrict powdery mildew colonization, but also affect interactions with a number of other phytopathogens.

The powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant displays altered infection phenotypes with diverse types of phytopathogens