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The entropic brain hypothesis holds that the key facts concerningpsychedelics are partially explained in terms of increased entropy of thebrain's functional connectivity. Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage ofAmazonian indigenous origin with legal status in Brazil in religious andscientific settings. In this context, we use tools and concepts from the theoryof complex networks to analyze resting state fMRI data of the brains of humansubjects under two distinct conditions: (i) under ordinary waking state and(ii) in an altered state of consciousness induced by ingestion of Ayahuasca. Wereport an increase in the Shannon entropy of the degree distribution of thenetworks subsequent to Ayahuasca ingestion. We also find increased local anddecreased global network integration. Our results are broadly consistent withthe entropic brain hypothesis. Finally, we discuss our findings in the contextof descriptions of "mind-expansion" frequently seen in self-reports of users ofpsychedelic drugs.

Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca