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Mongolian pine plantations (MPPs) composed of  Pinus sylvestris  var.  mongolica  ( P .  sylvestris ) are used for desertification control and restoration of degraded land in arid and semi-arid regions. We studied soil changes associated with  P .  sylvestris  by comparing top (0–20 cm) and sub-top (20–40 cm) soil properties across 8 stand density gradients of MPPs ranging from 900 ± 5–2700 ± 50 trees ha –1 . The study was conducted in the uncovered Sandy Land in the southern Mu Us Desert, China. The relationships between the volume fractal dimensions ( D ) of soil particle size distribution and soil physicochemical properties were evaluated.  D  was determined using a laser diffraction technique and soil properties were measured. In the top layer,  P .  sylvestris  significantly positively affected soil physicochemical properties except for bulk density and total nitrogen. These effects were not observed in the sub-top soil layer.  D  values ranged from 1.52 ± 0.29–2.08 ± 0.06 and were significantly correlated with stand density. Significant correlations were observed between  D  and soil properties (except total nitrogen) in the top soil layer. Given these results, we concluded that  D  is a sensitive and useful index because it quantifies changes in soil properties that additionally implies desertification in the studied area.

Fractal scaling of particle-size distribution and associations with soil properties of Mongolian pine plantations in the Mu Us Desert, China