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The clownfish-anemone association exemplifies a symbiosis where both members benefit from nutrient exchange and protection from predators. Clownfish also perform aeration-like behaviour in their host anemones at night, but it is not yet known whether this is stimulated by the onset of hypoxia, and whether both members benefit from O 2  replenishment. Oxygen at 3 distances above the sea anemone  Entacmaea quadricolor  (0.2, 1.2 and 2.2 cm) therefore was measured under 3 light levels (photon flux density = 0, 55 and 110 µmol m −2  s −1 ), with and without the anemonefish  Amphiprion frenatus . Hypoxia (O 2  < 50% air saturation) was recorded in the anemone, but only at 0.2 cm away from the anemone surface under dark conditions when  A. frenatus  was absent. This localised layer of hypoxia was eliminated by the presence of  A. frenatus  exhibiting aeration-like behaviour. Respirometry revealed that  A. frenatus  is extremely hypoxia tolerant ( S   crit  = 14.3% at 25 °C), suggesting that aeration behaviour does not provide a major metabolic advantage to clownfish because they do not breathe water at 0.2 cm and are not metabolically constrained by O 2  at distances ≥ 1.2 cm. That the aeration behaviour of  A. frenatus  facilitates only the metabolism of its O 2 -conforming host reveals a unique aspect of this symbiotic relationship.

Clownfish in hypoxic anemones replenish host O2 at only localised scales