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Epichloë  spp. are naturally occurring fungal endophytic symbionts of many cool-season grasses. Infection by the fungal endophytes often confers biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to their hosts. Endophyte-mediated disease resistance is well-established in the fine fescue grass  Festuca rubra  subsp.  rubra  (strong creeping red fescue) infected with  E .  festucae . Resistance to fungal pathogens is not an established effect of endophyte infection of other grass species, and may therefore be unique to the fine fescues. The underlying mechanism of the disease resistance is unknown.  E .  festucae  produces a secreted antifungal protein that is highly expressed in the infected plant tissues and may therefore be involved in the disease resistance. Most  Epichloë  spp. do not have a gene for a similar antifungal protein. Here we report the characterization of the  E .  festucae  antifungal protein, designated  Efe -AfpA. The antifungal protein partially purified from the apoplastic proteins of endophyte-infected plant tissue and the recombinant protein expressed in the yeast  Pichia pastoris  was found to have activity against the important plant pathogen  Sclerotinia homoeocarpa .  Efe -AfpA may therefore be a component of the disease resistance seen in endophyte-infected strong creeping red fescue.

The Epichloë festucae antifungal protein has activity against the plant pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot disease