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Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzicola  ( Xoc ) and  X .  oryzae  pv.  oryzae  ( Xoo ) cause bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, respectively. Unlike  Xoo , endogenous avirulence-resistance ( avr - R ) gene interactions have not been identified in the  Xoc- rice pathosystem; however, both pathogens possess transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that are known to modulate  R  or  S  genes in rice. The transfer of individual  tal  genes from  Xoc  RS105 (hypervirulent) into  Xoc  YNB0-17 (hypovirulent) led to the identification of  tal7 , which suppressed  avrXa7-Xa7  mediated defense in rice containing an  Xa7 R  gene. Mobility shift and microscale thermophoresis assays showed that Tal7 bound two EBE sites in the promoters of two rice genes,  Os09g29100  and  Os12g42970 , which encode predicted Cyclin-D4-1 and GATA zinc finger family protein, respectively. Assays using designer TALEs and a TALE-free strain of  Xoo  revealed that  Os09g29100  was the biologically relevant target of Tal7. Tal7 activates the expression of rice gene  Os09g29100  that suppresses  avrXa7-Xa7  mediated defense in Rice. TALEN editing of the Tal7-binding site in the  Os09g29100  gene promoter further enhanced resistance to the pathogen  Xoc  RS105. The suppression of effector-trigger immunity (ETI) is a phenomenon that may contribute to the scarcity of BLS resistant cultivars.

A Transcription Activator-Like Effector Tal7 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Activates Rice Gene Os09g29100 to Suppress Rice Immunity