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As a desirable agricultural trait, multilocular trait of rapeseed ( Brassica rapa ;  Brassica napus ;  Brassica juncea ), always represents higher yield per plant compared with bilocular plants. We previously isolated a trilocular gene locus,  Bjmc1 , and identified a set of molecular markers linked to the trilocular gene. With a map-based cloning, we identified that the  BjMc1  was located in B genome of  Brassica juncea , and it was a  CLAVATA1  ( CLV1 ) gene homologue. The insertion of a copia-LTR retrotransposable element 1 (RTE1) into the coding region of  BjMc1  interrupted its transcription in rapeseed, leading to the trilocular phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that  Mc1  genes were conserved and widespread in land plants. Two amino acid sites had undergone positive selection in the ancestor of  Mc1  genes, and then purifying selection was the dominant force after the divergence of dicots and monocots from their common ancestor in the evolutionary process, indicating that  Mc1  genes are conserved in modern land plants. Our results provided new insights in molecular regulatory mechanism of multilocularity in rapeseed, and better understanding of molecular mechanism in crop yield improvement.

Trilocular phenotype in Brassica juncea L. resulted from interruption of CLAVATA1 gene homologue (BjMc1) transcription