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The opportunistic fish pathogen,  Enterococcus faecalis  has been reported to cause mass mortality in several fish species in different countries. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify  E .  faecalis  from the diseased fishes through molecular techniques; (ii) assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of  E .  faecalis  isolates; and (iii) control disease in tilapia fish by treatment with medicinal plant extracts. A total of 48 isolates were phenotypically identified as  Enterococcus  species from tilapia, stinging catfish and walking catfish cultivated in several fish farms in Gazipur. Ten randomly selected isolates were identified as  E.   faecalis  by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Artificial infection revealed that most of the isolates caused moderate to high mortality in fishes with characteristic disease symptoms. These isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics  in vitro . Bioassay revealed that organic extracts of  Tamarindus indica  and  Emblica officinalis  leaves,  Allium sativum  bulb, and  Syzygium aromaticum  bud inhibited the growth of  E .  faecalis . Methanol extracts of  A .  sativum  and methanol and acetone extracts of  S .  aromaticum  significantly reduced the mortality of fish artificially infected with  E .  faecalis  as both preventive and therapeutic agents. This is the first report on molecular identification, and herbal control of fish pathogenic  E .  faecalis  in Bangladesh.

Molecular Identification of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Fish Pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis and their Control by Medicinal Herbs