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Extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a major cause of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In this study, an anoxic–oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR) was run continuously for 98 days. The runs were divided into three stages according to hydraulic retention time (HRT) (11.8, 12.5 and 14.3 h, respectively). EPS were extracted from the reactor under the different HRTs. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) were used to study the adherence layer structures and the adsorption behaviours of EPS on the membrane surface. The results indicated that the removal rate of TN was more susceptible to HRT than NH 3 -N. The observations in the QCM-D suggested that at the lowest HRT (11.8 h), the structure of the adsorption layer is loose and soft and the fluidity was better than for HRTs of 12.5 or 14.3 h. It is likely one of the major reasons for the rapidly blocking of the membrane pores. Furthermore, the higher EPS adherence as analyzed in the QCM-D and EPS concentration could induce a higher osmotic pressure effect, leading to a rapid membrane-fouling rate.

Effects of hydraulic retention time on adsorption behaviours of EPS in an A/O-MBR: biofouling study with QCM-D