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Campylobacter jejuni  infections are progressively increasing worldwide. Probiotic treatment might open novel therapeutic or even prophylactic approaches to combat campylobacteriosis. In the present study secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally reassociated with a commensal murine  Lactobacillus johnsonii  strain either 14 days before (i.e. prophylactic regimen) or 7 days after (i.e. therapeutic regimen) peroral  C .  jejuni  strain 81–176 infection. Following peroral reassociation both  C .  jejuni  and  L .  johnsonii  were able to stably colonize the murine intestinal tract. Neither therapeutic nor prophylactic  L .  johnsonii  application, however, could decrease intestinal  C .  jejuni  burdens. Notably,  C .  jejuni  induced colonic apoptosis could be ameliorated by prophylactic  L .  johnsonii  treatment, whereas co-administration of  L .  johnsonii  impacted adaptive (i.e. T and B lymphocytes, regulatory T cells), but not innate (i.e. macrophages and monocytes) immune cell responses in the intestinal tract. Strikingly,  C .  jejuni  induced intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (such as IL-6, MCP-1, TNF and nitric oxide) could be alleviated by peroral  L .  johnsonii  challenge. In conclusion, immunomodulatory probiotic species might offer valuable strategies for prophylaxis and/or treatment of  C .  jejuni  induced intestinal, extra-intestinal as well as systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses  in vivo .

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Lactobacillus johnsonii ameliorates intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory immune responses following murine Campylobacter jejuni infection