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We have previously reported that administration of  Lactobacillus paracasei  CNCM I-4034,  Bifidobacterium breve  CNCM I-4035 and  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  CNCM I-4036 to obese Zucker-Lepr  fa / fa   rats attenuates liver steatosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The goal of the present work was to investigate the modulation of gene expression in intestinal mucosa samples of obese Zucker-Lepr  fa / fa   rats fed the probiotic strains using a DNA microarray and postgenomic techniques. We also measured secretory IgA content in the gut and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) in serum. Expression of three genes ( Adamdec1 ,  Ednrb  and  Ptgs1 / Cox1 ) was up-regulated in the intestinal mucosa of the obese rats compared with that in the rats when they were still lean. Probiotic administration down-regulated expression of  Adamdec1  and  Ednrb  at the mRNA and protein levels and that of  Ptgs1 / Cox1  at the mRNA level, and this effect was in part mediated by a decrease in both macrophage and dendritic cell populations. Probiotic treatment also increased secretory IgA content and diminished the LBP concentration. Based on results reported in this work and else where, we propose a possible mechanism of action for these bacterial strains.

Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1, inflammation genes upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats, are downregulated by three probiotic strains