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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of living structures with cell-laden biomaterials has been achieved  in vitro , however, some cell-cell interactions are limited by the existing hydrogel. To better mimic tumor microenvironment, self-assembled multicellular heterogeneous brain tumor fibers have been fabricated by a custom-made coaxial extrusion 3D bioprinting system, with high viability, proliferative activity and efficient tumor-stromal interactions. Therein, in order to further verify the sufficient interactions between tumor cells and stroma MSCs, CRE-LOXP switch gene system which contained GSCs transfected with “LOXP-STOP-LOXP-RFP” genes and MSCs transfected with “CRE recombinase” gene was used. Results showed that tumor-stroma cells interacted with each other and fused, the transcription of RFP was higher than that of 2D culture model and control group with cells mixed directly into alginate, respectively. RFP expression was observed only in the cell fibers but not in the control group under confocal microscope. In conclusion, coaxial 3D bioprinted multicellular self-assembled heterogeneous tumor tissue-like fibers provided preferable 3D models for studying tumor microenvironment  in vitro , especially for tumor-stromal interactions.

Coaxial 3D bioprinting of self-assembled multicellular heterogeneous tumor fibers