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We report the fabrication of flower-like CuO nanostructured surfaces  via  submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites (SPSC), which requires only UV illumination in neutral water. In this paper, we discuss the reaction mechanism of the photochemical formation of the SPSC-fabricated CuO nanostructures in detail based on surface microstructural analyses and a radiation-chemical consideration with additional gamma-ray irradiation. Since the SPSC method for surface nanostructural fabrication can work at low temperatures at atmospheric pressure without using harmful substances, it is a potential fabrication method for green nanotechnology applications. In this vein, the antibacterial activity of the nano-flowered CuO surfaces was tested against Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) bacteria and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli  K12) bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the nano-flowered CuO nanostructures act as an effective antimicrobial agent.

Formation of CuO nano-flowered surfaces via submerged photo-synthesis of crystallites and their antimicrobial activity