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Deep carbon and nitrogen cycles played a critical role in the evolution of the Earth. Here we report on successful studying of speciation in C-O-H-N systems with low nitrogen contents at 6.3 GPa and 1100 to 1400 °C. At  f O 2  near Fe–FeO (IW) equilibrium, the synthesised fluids contain more than thirty species. Among them, CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8  and C 4 H 10  are main carbon species. All carbon species, except for C 1 -C 4  alkanes and alcohols, occur in negligible amounts in the fluids generated in systems with low H 2 O, but С 15 -С 18  alkanes are slightly higher and oxygenated hydrocarbons are more diverse at higher temperatures and H 2 O concentrations. At a higher oxygen fugacity of +2.5 Δlog  f O 2  (IW), the fluids almost lack methane and contain about 1 rel.% C 2 -C 4  alkanes, as well as fractions of percent of C 15–18  alkanes and notable contents of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Methanimine (CH 3 N) is inferred to be the main nitrogen species in N-poor reduced fluids. Therefore, the behaviour of CH 3 N may control the nitrogen cycle in N-poor peridotitic mantle. Oxidation of fluids strongly reduces the concentration of CH 4  and bulk carbon. However, higher alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids can resist oxidation and should remain stable in mantle hydrous magmas.

Carbon and Nitrogen Speciation in N-poor C-O-H-N Fluids at 6.3 GPa and 1100–1400 °C