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Oil palm is the most productive oil crop in the world and composes 36% of the world production. However, the molecular mechanisms of hybrids vigor (or heterosis) between  Dura ,  Pisifera  and their hybrid progeny  Tenera  has not yet been well understood. Here we compared the temporal and spatial compositions of lipids and transcriptomes for two oil yielding organs mesocarp and endosperm from  Dura ,  Pisifera  and  Tenera . Multiple lipid biosynthesis pathways are highly enriched in all non-additive expression pattern in endosperm, while cytokinine biosynthesis and cell cycle pathways are highly enriched both in endosperm and mesocarp. Compared with parental palms, the high oil content in  Tenera  was associated with much higher transcript levels of  EgWRI1 , homolog of  Arabidopsis thaliana  WRINKLED1. Among 338 identified genes in lipid synthesis, 207 (61%) has been identified to contain the WRI1 specific binding AW motif. We further functionally identified  EgWRI1 - 1 , one of three  EgWRI1  orthologs, by genetic complementation of the  Arabidopsis wri1  mutant. Ectopic expression of  EgWRI1 - 1  in plant produced dramatically increased seed mass and oil content, with oil profile changed. Our findings provide an explanation for  EgWRI1  as an important gene contributing hybrid vigor in lipid biosynthesis in oil palm.

Transcriptome and functional analysis reveals hybrid vigor for oil biosynthesis in oil palm