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Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations is the main driver of global warming due to fossil fuel combustion. Satellite observations provide continuous global CO 2  retrieval products, that reveal the nonuniform distributions of atmospheric CO 2  concentrations. However, climate simulation studies are almost based on a globally uniform mean or latitudinally resolved CO 2  concentrations assumption. In this study, we reconstructed the historical global monthly distributions of atmospheric CO 2  concentrations with 1° resolution from 1850 to 2013 which are based on the historical monthly and latitudinally resolved CO 2  concentrations accounting longitudinal features retrieved from fossil-fuel CO 2  emissions from Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. And the spatial distributions of nonuniform CO 2  under Shared Socio-economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios were generated based on the spatial, seasonal and interannual scales of the current CO 2  concentrations from 2015 to 2150. Including the heterogenous CO 2  distributions could enhance the realism of global climate modeling, to better anticipate the potential socio-economic implications, adaptation practices, and mitigation of climate change.

Global monthly gridded atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations under the historical and future scenarios