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CD8 + T cell immunosurveillance dynamics influence the outcome of intracellular infections and cancer. Here we used two-photon intravital microscopy to visualize the responses of CD8 + resident memory T cells (T RM cells) within the reproductive tracts of live female mice. We found that mucosal T RM cells were highly motile, but paused and underwent in situ division after local antigen challenge. T RM cell reactivation triggered the recruitment of recirculating memory T cells that underwent antigen-independent T RM cell differentiation in situ. However, the proliferation of pre-existing T RM cells dominated the local mucosal recall response and contributed most substantially to the boosted secondary T RM cell population. We observed similar results in skin. Thus, T RM cells can autonomously regulate the expansion of local immunosurveillance independently of central memory or proliferation in lymphoid tissue.

Intravital mucosal imaging of CD8+ resident memory T cells shows tissue-autonomous recall responses that amplify secondary memory