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The general-relativistic phenomenon of spin-induced orbital precession hasnot yet been observed in strong-field gravity. Gravitational-wave observationsof binary black holes (BBHs) are prime candidates, since we expect theastrophysical binary population to contain precessing binaries. Imprints ofprecession have been investigated in several signals, but no definitiveidentification of orbital precession has been reported in any one of the 84 BBHobservations to date by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors. Here we reportthe measurement of strong-field precession in the LIGO-Virgo-Kagra (LVK)gravitational-wave signal GW200129. The binary's orbit precesses at a rate tenorders of magnitude faster than previous weak-field measurements from binarypulsars. We also find that the primary black hole is likely highly spinning.According to current binary population estimates a GW200129-like signal isextremely unlikely, and therefore presents a direct challenge to many currentbinary formation models.

General-relativistic precession in a black-hole binary