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Understanding how super-massive black holes form and grow in the earlyUniverse has become a major challenge since the discovery of luminous quasarsonly 700 million years after the Big Bang. Simulations indicate an evolutionarysequence of dust-reddened quasars emerging from heavily dust-obscuredstarbursts that then transition to unobscured luminous quasars by expelling gasand dust. Although the last phase has been identified out to a redshift of 7.6,a transitioning quasar has not been found at similar redshifts owing to theirfaintness at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Here we report observationsof an ultraviolet compact object, GNz7q, associated with a dust-enshroudedstarburst at a redshift of z=7.1899+/-0.0005. The host galaxy is more luminousin dust emission than any other known object at this epoch, forming 1,600 solarmasses of stars per year within a central radius of 480 parsec. A red pointsource in the far-ultraviolet is identified in deep, high-resolution imagingand slitless spectroscopy. GNz7q is extremely faint in X-rays, which indicatesthe emergence of a uniquely ultraviolet compact star-forming region or aCompton-thick super-Eddington black-hole accretion disk at the dusty starburstcore. In the latter case, the observed properties are consistent withpredictions from cosmological simulations and suggest that GNz7q is anantecedent to unobscured luminous quasars at later epochs.

A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn