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Fault-tolerant quantum computers which can solve hard problems rely onquantum error correction. One of the most promising error correction codes isthe surface code, which requires universal gate fidelities exceeding the errorcorrection threshold of 99 per cent. Among many qubit platforms, onlysuperconducting circuits, trapped ions, and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamondhave delivered those requirements. Electron spin qubits in silicon areparticularly promising for a large-scale quantum computer due to theirnanofabrication capability, but the two-qubit gate fidelity has been limited to98 per cent due to the slow operation.Here we demonstrate a two-qubit gatefidelity of 99.5 per cent, along with single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.8 percent, in silicon spin qubits by fast electrical control using amicromagnet-induced gradient field and a tunable two-qubit coupling. Weidentify the condition of qubit rotation speed and coupling strength where werobustly achieve high-fidelity gates. We realize Deutsch-Jozsa and Groversearch algorithms with high success rates using our universal gate set. Ourresults demonstrate the universal gate fidelity beyond the fault-tolerancethreshold and pave the way for scalable silicon quantum computers.

Fast universal quantum control above the fault-tolerance threshold in silicon