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Cosmological models in which dark matter consists of cold elementaryparticles predict that the dark halo population should extend to masses manyorders of magnitude below those at which galaxies can form. Here we report acosmological simulation of the formation of present-day haloes over the fullrange of observed halo masses (20 orders of magnitude) when dark matter isassumed to be in the form of weakly interacting massive particles of massapproximately 100 gigaelectronvolts. The simulation has a full dynamic range of30 orders of magnitude in mass and resolves the internal structure of hundredsof Earth-mass haloes in as much detail as it does for hundreds of rich galaxyclusters. We find that halo density profiles are universal over the entire massrange and are well described by simple two-parameter fitting formulae. Halomass and concentration are tightly related in a way that depends on cosmologyand on the nature of the dark matter. For a fixed mass, the concentration isindependent of the local environment for haloes less massive than those oftypical galaxies. Haloes over the mass range of 10^3 to 10^11 solar massescontribute about equally (per logarithmic interval) to the luminosity producedby dark matter annihilation, which we find to be smaller than all previousestimates by factors ranging up to one thousand.

Universal structure of dark matter haloes over a mass range of 20 orders of magnitude