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Moir\'e superlattices are emerging as a new route for engineering stronglycorrelated electronic states in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures,as recently demonstrated in the correlated insulating and superconductingstates in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and ABC trilayer graphene/boronnitride moir\'e superlattices. Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) moir\'eheterostructures provide another exciting model system to explore correlatedquantum phenomena, with the addition of strong light-matter interactions andlarge spin-orbital coupling. Here we report the optical detection of stronglycorrelated phases in semiconducting WSe2/WS2 moir\'e superlattices. Oursensitive optical detection technique reveals a Mott insulator state at onehole per superlattice site ({\nu} = 1), and surprising insulating phases atfractional filling factors {\nu} = 1/3 and 2/3, which we assign to generalizedWigner crystallization on an underlying lattice. Furthermore, the uniquespin-valley optical selection rules of TMDC heterostructures allow us tooptically create and investigate low-energy spin excited states in the Mottinsulator. We reveal an especially slow spin relaxation lifetime of manymicroseconds in the Mott insulating state, orders-of-magnitude longer than thatof charge excitations. Our studies highlight novel correlated physics that canemerge in moir\'e superlattices beyond graphene.

Optical detection of Mott and generalized Wigner crystal states in WSe2/WS2 moir\'e superlattices