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Most natural and artificial materials have crystalline structures from whichabundant topological phases emerge [1-6]. The bulk-edge correspondence,widely-adopted in experiments to determine the band topology from edgeproperties, however, becomes inadequate in discerning various topologicalcrystalline phases [7-17], leading to great challenges in the experimentalclassification of the large family of topological crystalline materials [4-6].Theories predict that disclinations, ubiquitous crystallographic defects,provide an effective probe of crystalline topology beyond edges [18-21], which,however, has not yet been confirmed in experiments. Here, we report theexperimental discovery of the bulk-disclination correspondence which ismanifested as the fractional spectral charge and robust bound states at thedisclinations. The fractional disclination charge originates from thesymmetry-protected bulk charge patterns---a fundamental property of manytopological crystalline insulators (TCIs). Meanwhile, the robust bound statesat disclinations emerge as a secondary, but directly observable property ofTCIs. Using reconfigurable photonic crystals as photonic TCIs with higher-ordertopology, we observe those hallmark features via pump-probe and near-fielddetection measurements. Both the fractional charge and the localized states aredemonstrated to emerge at the disclination in the TCI phase but vanish in thetrivial phase. The experimental discovery of bulk-disclination correspondenceunveils a novel fundamental phenomenon and a new paradigm for exploringtopological materials.

Experimental discovery of bulk-disclination correspondence