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The strong-coupling regime of cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cQED)represents light-matter interaction at the fully quantum level. Adding a singlephoton shifts the resonance frequencies, a profound nonlinearity. cQED is atest-bed of quantum optics and the basis of photon-photon and atom-atomentangling gates. At microwave frequencies, success in cQED has had atransformative effect. At optical frequencies, the gates are potentially muchfaster and the photons can propagate over long distances and be easilydetected, ideal features for quantum networks. Following pioneering work onsingle atoms, solid-state implementations are important for developingpracticable quantum technology. Here, we embed a semiconductor quantum dot in amicrocavity. The microcavity has a $\mathcal{Q}$-factor close to $10^{6}$ andcontains a charge-tunable quantum dot with close-to-transform-limited opticallinewidth. The exciton-photon coupling rate $g$ exceeds both the photon decayrate $\kappa$ and exciton decay rate $\gamma$ by a large margin ($g/\gamma=14$,$g/\kappa=5.3$); the cooperativity is $C=2g^{2}/(\gamma \kappa)=150$, the$\beta$-factor 99.7%. We observe pronounced vacuum Rabi oscillations in thetime-domain, photon blockade at a one-photon resonance, and highly bunchedphoton statistics at a two-photon resonance. We use the change in photonstatistics as a sensitive spectral probe of transitions between the first andsecond rungs of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder. All experiments can be describedquantitatively with the Jaynes-Cummings model despite the complexity of thesolid-state environment. We propose this system as a platform to developoptical-cQED for quantum technology, for instance a photon-photon entanglinggate.

A gated quantum dot far in the strong-coupling regime of cavity-QED at optical frequencies