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Most known terrestrial planets orbit small stars with radii less than 60%that of the Sun. Theoretical models predict that these planets are morevulnerable to atmospheric loss than their counterparts orbiting Sun-like stars.To determine whether a thick atmosphere has survived on a small planet, oneapproach is to search for signatures of atmospheric heat redistribution in itsthermal phase curve. Previous phase curve observations of the super-Earth 55Cancri e (1.9 Earth radii) showed that its peak brightness is offset from thesubstellar point $-$ possibly indicative of atmospheric circulation. Here wereport a phase curve measurement for the smaller, cooler planet LHS 3844b, a1.3 Earth radius world in an 11-hour orbit around a small, nearby star. Theobserved phase variation is symmetric and has a large amplitude, implying adayside brightness temperature of $1040\pm40$ kelvin and a nightsidetemperature consistent with zero kelvin (at one standard deviation). Thickatmospheres with surface pressures above 10 bar are ruled out by the data (atthree standard deviations), and less-massive atmospheres are unstable toerosion by stellar wind. The data are well fitted by a bare rock model with alow Bond albedo (lower than 0.2 at two standard deviations). These resultssupport theoretical predictions that hot terrestrial planets orbiting smallstars may not retain substantial atmospheres.

Absence of a thick atmosphere on the terrestrial exoplanet LHS 3844b