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Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) involve transformations between differentstates of matter that are driven by quantum fluctuations. These fluctuationsplay a dominant role in the quantum critical region surrounding the transitionpoint, where the dynamics are governed by the universal properties associatedwith the QPT. While time-dependent phenomena associated with classical,thermally driven phase transitions have been extensively studied in systemsranging from the early universe to Bose Einstein Condensates, understandingcritical real-time dynamics in isolated, non-equilibrium quantum systems is anoutstanding challenge. Here, we use a Rydberg atom quantum simulator withprogrammable interactions to study the quantum critical dynamics associatedwith several distinct QPTs. By studying the growth of spatial correlationswhile crossing the QPT, we experimentally verify the quantum Kibble-Zurekmechanism (QKZM) for an Ising-type QPT, explore scaling universality, andobserve corrections beyond QKZM predictions. This approach is subsequently usedto measure the critical exponents associated with chiral clock models,providing new insights into exotic systems that have not been understoodpreviously, and opening the door for precision studies of critical phenomena,simulations of lattice gauge theories and applications to quantum optimization.

Quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism and critical dynamics on a programmable Rydberg simulator