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Considerable efforts have been recently devoted to combining ultracold atomsand nanophotonic devices to obtain not only better scalability and figures ofmerit than in free-space implementations, but also new paradigms foratom-photon interactions. Dielectric waveguides offer a promising platform forsuch integration because they enable tight transverse confinement of thepropagating light, strong photon-atom coupling in single-pass configurationsand potentially long-range atom-atom interactions mediated by the guidedphotons. However, the preparation of non-classical quantum states in suchatom-waveguide interfaces has not yet been realized. Here, by using arrays ofindividual caesium atoms trapped along an optical nanofibre, we observe asingle collective atomic excitation coupled to a nanoscale waveguide. Thestored collective entangled state can be efficiently read out with an externallaser pulse, leading to on-demand emission of a single photon into the guidedmode. We characterize the emitted single photon via the suppression of thetwo-photon component and confirm the single character of the atomic excitation,which can be retrieved with an efficiency of about 25%. Our results demonstratea capability that is essential for the emerging field of waveguide quantumelectrodynamics, with applications to quantum networking, quantum nonlinearoptics and quantum many-body physics.

Waveguide-coupled single collective excitation of atomic arrays