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At a distance of 1.8 parsecs, Barnard's star (Gl 699) is a red dwarf with thelargest apparent motion of any known stellar object. It is the closest singlestar to the Sun, second only to the alpha Centauri triple stellar system.Barnard's star is also among the least magnetically active red dwarfs known andhas an estimated age older than our Solar System. Its properties have made it aprime target for planet searches employing techniques such as radial velocity,astrometry, and direct imaging, all with different sensitivity limits butultimately leading to disproved or null results. Here we report that thecombination of numerous measurements from high-precision radial velocityinstruments reveals the presence of a low-amplitude but significant periodicsignal at 233 days. Independent photometric and spectroscopic monitoring, aswell as the analysis of instrumental systematic effects, show that this signalis best explained as arising from a planetary companion. The candidate planetaround Barnard's star is a cold super-Earth with a minimum mass of 3.2 Earthmasses orbiting near its snow-line. The combination of all radial velocitydatasets spanning 20 years additionally reveals a long-term modulation thatcould arise from a magnetic activity cycle or from a more distant planetaryobject. Because of its proximity to the Sun, the proposed planet has a maximumangular separation of 220 milli-arcseconds from Barnard's star, making it anexcellent target for complementary direct imaging and astrometric observations.

A candidate super-Earth planet orbiting near the snow line of Barnard's star