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Quantum simulation has emerged as a valuable arena for demonstrating andunderstanding the capabilities of near-term quantum computers. Quantumannealing has been used successfully in simulating a range of open quantumsystems, both at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. However, in all previousexperiments, annealing has been too slow to simulate a closed quantum systemcoherently, due to the onset of thermal effects from the environment. Here wedemonstrate coherent evolution through a quantum phase transition in theparadigmatic setting of the 1D transverse-field Ising chain, using up to 2000superconducting flux qubits in a programmable quantum annealer. In largesystems we observe the quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism with theoreticallypredicted kink statistics, as well as characteristic positive kink-kinkcorrelations, independent of system temperature. In small chains, excitationstatistics validate the picture of a Landau-Zener transition at a minimum gap.In both cases, results are in quantitative agreement with analytical solutionsto the closed-system quantum model. For slower anneals we observeanti-Kibble-Zurek scaling in a crossover to the open quantum regime. Theseexperiments demonstrate that large-scale quantum annealers can be operatedcoherently, paving the way to exploiting coherent dynamics in quantumoptimization, machine learning, and simulation tasks.

Coherent quantum annealing in a programmable 2000-qubit Ising chain