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A large repulsion between particles in a quantum system can lead to theirlocalization, as it happens for the electrons in Mott insulating materials.This paradigm has recently branched out into a new quantum state, theorbital-selective Mott insulator, where electrons in some orbitals arepredicted to localize, while others remain itinerant. We provide a directexperimental realization of this phenomenon, that we extend to a more generalflavour-selective localization. By using an atom-based quantum simulator, weengineer SU(3) Fermi-Hubbard models breaking their symmetry via a tunablecoupling between flavours, observing an enhancement of localization and theemergence of flavour-dependent correlations. Our realization offlavour-selective Mott physics opens the path to the quantum simulation ofmulticomponent materials, from superconductors to topological insulators.

Flavour-selective localization in interacting lattice fermions via SU(N) symmetry breaking