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Flow-driven rotary motors drive functional processes in human society such aswindmills and water wheels. Although examples of such rotary motors alsofeature prominently in cell biology, their synthetic construction at thenanoscale has thus far remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate flow-drivenrotary motion of a self-organized DNA nanostructure that is docked onto ananopore in a thin solid-state membrane. An elastic DNA bundle self assemblesinto a chiral conformation upon phoretic docking onto the solid-state nanopore,and subsequently displays a sustained unidirectional rotary motion of up to 20revolutions/s. The rotors harness energy from a nanoscale water and ion flowthat is generated by a static (electro)chemical potential gradient in thenanopore that is established through a salt gradient or applied voltage. Theseartificial nanoengines self-organize and operate autonomously in physiologicalconditions, paving a new direction in constructing energy-transducing motors atnanoscale interfaces.

Sustained unidirectional rotation of a self-organized DNA rotor on a nanopore