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A particular strength of ultracold quantum gases are the versatile detectionmethods available. Since they are based on atom-light interactions, the wholequantum optics toolbox can be used to tailor the detection process to thespecific scientific question to be explored in the experiment. Common methodsinclude time-of-flight measurements to access the momentum distribution of thegas, the use of cavities to monitor global properties of the quantum gas withminimal disturbance and phase-contrast or high-intensity absorption imaging toobtain local real space information in high-density settings. Even the ultimatelimit of detecting each and every atom locally has been realized intwo-dimensions using so-called quantum gas microscopes. In fact, thesemicroscopes not only revolutionized the detection, but also the control oflattice gases. Here we provide a short overview of this technique, highlightingnew observables as well as key experiments that have been enabled by quantumgas microscopy.

Quantum gas microscopy for single atom and spin detection