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Leptons with essentially the same properties apart from their mass aregrouped into three families (or flavours). The number of leptons of eachflavour is conserved in interactions, but this is not imposed by fundamentalprinciples. Since the formulation of the standard model of particle physics,the observation of flavour oscillations among neutrinos has shown that leptonflavour is not conserved in neutrino weak interactions. So far, there has beenno experimental evidence that this also occurs in interactions between chargedleptons. Such an observation would be a sign for undiscovered particles or ayet unknown type of interaction. Here, the ATLAS experiment at the Large HadronCollider at CERN reports a constraint on lepton-flavour-violating effects inweak interactions, searching for $Z$-boson decays into a $\tau$ lepton andanother lepton of different flavour with opposite electric charge. Thebranching fractions for these decays are measured to be less than$8.1\times10^{-6}$ ($e\tau$) and $9.5\times10^{-6}$ ($\mu\tau$) at 95%confidence level using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at acentre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV.These results supersede the limits from the Large Electron-Positron Colliderexperiments conducted more than two decades ago.

Search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in $Z$-boson decays with the ATLAS detector