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Tunneling across superconducting junctions proceeds by a rich variety ofprocesses, which transfer single electrons, Cooper pairs, or even largernumbers of electrons by multiple Andreev reflections. Photon-assisted tunnelingcombined with the venerable Tien-Gordon model has long been a powerful tool toidentify tunneling processes between superconductors. Here, we probesuperconducting tunnel junctions including an impurity-induced Yu-Shiba-Rusinov(YSR) state by exposing a scanning tunneling microscope with a superconductingtip to microwave radiation. We find that a simple Tien-Gordon descriptiondescribes tunneling of single electrons and Cooper pairs into the baresubstrate, but breaks down for tunneling via YSR states by resonant Andreevreflections. We develop an improved theoretical description which is inexcellent agreement with the data. Our results establish photon-assistedtunneling as a powerful tool to analyze tunneling processes at the atomic scalewhich should be particularly informative for unconventional and topologicalsuperconductors.

Photon-assisted tunneling at the atomic scale: Probing resonant Andreev reflections from Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states