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High-precision time synchronization for remote clocks plays an important rolein fundamental science and real-life applications. However, the current timesynchronization techniques have been shown to be vulnerable to sophisticatedadversaries. There is a compelling need for fundamentally new methods todistribute high-precision time information securely. Here we propose asatellite-based quantum-secure time transfer (QSTT) scheme based on two-wayquantum key distribution (QKD) in free-space, and experimentally verify the keytechnologies of the scheme via the Micius quantum satellite. In QSTT, a quantumsignal (e.g., single photon) is used as the carrier for both the time transferand the secret-key generation, offering quantum-enhanced security fortransferring time signal and time information. We perform a satellite-to-groundtime synchronization using single-photon-level signals and achieve a quantumbit error rate of less than 1%, a time data rate of 9 kHz and a time-transferprecision of 30 ps. These results offer possibilities towards an enhancedinfrastructure of time-transfer network, whose security stems from quantumphysics.

Towards satellite-based quantum-secure time transfer