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The superconductor-insulator transition in two dimensions has been widelyinvestigated as a paradigmatic quantum phase transition. The topic remainscontroversial, however, because many experiments exhibit a metallic regime withsaturating low-temperature resistance, at odds with conventional theory. Here,we explore this transition in a novel, highly controllable system, asemiconductor heterostructure with epitaxial Al, patterned to form a regulararray of superconducting islands connected by a gateable quantum well. Spanningnine orders of magnitude in resistance, the system exhibits regimes ofsuperconducting, metallic, and insulating behavior, along with signatures offlux commensurability and vortex penetration. An in-plane magnetic fieldeliminates the metallic regime, restoring the direct superconductor-insulatortransition, and improves scaling, while strongly altering the scaling exponent.

Superconducting, Insulating, and Anomalous Metallic Regimes in a Gated Two-Dimensional Semiconductor-Superconductor Array