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Higgs and Goldstone modes are possible collective modes of an order parameterupon spontaneously breaking a continuous symmetry. Whereas the low-energyGoldstone (phase) mode is always stable, additional symmetries are required toprevent the Higgs (amplitude) mode from rapidly decaying into low-energyexcitations. In high-energy physics, where the Higgs boson has been found aftera decades-long search, the stability is ensured by Lorentz invariance. In therealm of condensed--matter physics, particle--hole symmetry can play this roleand a Higgs mode has been observed in weakly-interacting superconductors.However, whether the Higgs mode is also stable for strongly-correlatedsuperconductors in which particle--hole symmetry is not precisely fulfilled orwhether this mode becomes overdamped has been subject of numerous discussions.Experimental evidence is still lacking, in particular owing to the difficultyto excite the Higgs mode directly. Here, we observe the Higgs mode in astrongly-interacting superfluid Fermi gas. By inducing a periodic modulation ofthe amplitude of the superconducting order parameter $\Delta$, we observe anexcitation resonance at frequency $2\Delta/h$. For strong coupling, the peakwidth broadens and eventually the mode disappears when the Cooper pairs turninto tightly bound dimers signalling the eventual instability of the Higgsmode.

Higgs mode in a strongly interacting fermionic superfluid