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Nonreciprocal devices such as isolators and circulators are key enablingtechnologies for communication systems, both at microwave and opticalfrequencies. While nonreciprocal devices based on magnetic effects areavailable for free-space and fibre-optic communication systems, their on-chipintegration has been challenging, primarily due to the concomitant highinsertion loss, weak magneto-optical effects, and material incompatibility. Weshow that Kerr nonlinear resonators can be used to achieve all-passive,low-loss, bias-free, broadband nonreciprocal transmission and routing forapplications in photonic systems such as chip-scale LIDAR. A multi-portnonlinear Fano resonator is used as an on-chip, all-optical router forfrequency comb based distance measurement. Since time-reversal symmetry imposesstringent limitations on the operating power range and transmission of a singlenonlinear resonator, we implement a cascaded Fano-Lorentzian resonator systemthat overcomes these limitations and significantly improves the insertion loss,bandwidth and non-reciprocal power range of current state-of-the-art devices.This work provides a platform-independent design for nonreciprocal transmissionand routing that are ideally suited for photonic integration.

Inverse-designed photonic circuits for fully passive, bias-free Kerr-based nonreciprocal transmission and routing