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The quantum mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs onthe sub-femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronicphenomena requires the generation of laser pulses shorter than 1 fs and ofsufficient intensity to interact with their target with high probability.Probing these dynamics with atomic-site specificity requires the extension ofsub-femtosecond pulses to the soft X-ray spectral region. Here we report thegeneration of isolated GW-scale soft X-ray attosecond pulses with an X-rayfree-electron laser. Our source has a pulse energy that is six orders ofmagnitude larger than any other source of isolated attosecond pulses in thesoft X-ray spectral region, with a peak power in the tens of gigawatts. Thisunique combination of high intensity, high photon energy and short pulseduration enables the investigation of electron dynamics with X-ray non-linearspectroscopy and single-particle imaging.

Tunable Isolated Attosecond X-ray Pulses with Gigawatt Peak Power from a Free-Electron Laser