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A single photon source is a key enabling technology in device-independentquantum communication, quantum simulation for instance boson sampling, linearoptics-based and measurement-based quantum computing. These applicationsinvolve many photons and therefore place stringent requirements on theefficiency of single photon creation. The scaling on efficiency is anexponential function of the number of photons. Schemes taking full advantage ofquantum superpositions also depend sensitively on the coherence of the photons,i.e. their indistinguishability. It is therefore crucial to maintain thecoherence over long strings of photons. Here, we report a single photon sourcewith an especially high system efficiency: a photon is created on-demand at theoutput of the final optical fibre with a probability of 57%. The coherence ofthe photons is very high and is maintained over a stream consisting ofthousands of photons; the repetition rate is in the GHz regime. We break withthe established semiconductor paradigms, such as micropillars, photonic crystalcavities and waveguides. Instead, we employ gated quantum dots in an open,tunable microcavity. The gating ensures low-noise operation; the tunabilitycompensates for the lack of control in quantum dot position and emissionfrequency; the output is very well-matched to a single-mode fibre. An increasein efficiency over the state-of-the-art by more than a factor of two, asreported here, will result in an enormous decrease in run-times, by a factor of$10^{7}$ for 20 photons.

A bright and fast source of coherent single photons