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Since the invention of the bolometer, its main design principles relied onefficient light absorption into a low-heat-capacity material and itsexceptional thermal isolation from the environment. While the reduced thermalcoupling to its surroundings allows for an enhanced thermal response, it inturn strongly reduces the thermal time constant and dramatically lowers thedetector's bandwidth. With its unique combination of a record small electronicheat capacity and a weak electron-phonon coupling, graphene has emerged as anextreme bolometric medium that allows for both, high sensitivity and highbandwidths. Here, we introduce a hot-electron bolometer based on a novelJohnson noise readout of the electron gas in graphene, which is criticallycoupled to incident radiation through a photonic nanocavity. Thisproof-of-concept operates in the telecom spectrum, achieves an enhancedbolometric response at charge neutrality with a noise equivalent power NEP <5pW/ Sqrt(Hz), a thermal relaxation time of {\tau} < 34ps, an improved lightabsorption by a factor ~3, and an operation temperature up to T=300K.

Fast thermal relaxation in cavity-coupled graphene bolometers with a Johnson noise read-out