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The possibility of driving phase transitions in low-density condensatesthrough the loss of phase coherence alone has far-reaching implications for thestudy of quantum phases of matter. This has inspired the development of toolsto control and explore the collective properties of condensate phases via phasefluctuations. Electrically-gated oxide interfaces, ultracold Fermi atoms, andcuprate superconductors, which are characterized by an intrinsically smallphase-stiffness, are paradigmatic examples where these tools are having adramatic impact. Here we use light pulses shorter than the internalthermalization time to drive and probe the phase fragility of theBi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ cuprate superconductor, completely meltingthe superconducting condensate without affecting the pairing strength. Theresulting ultrafast dynamics of phase fluctuations and charge excitations arecaptured and disentangled by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Thiswork demonstrates the dominant role of phase coherence in thesuperconductor-to-normal state phase transition and offers a benchmark fornon-equilibrium spectroscopic investigations of the cuprate phase diagram.

Collapse of superconductivity in cuprates via ultrafast quenching of phase coherence