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The Galactic diffuse emission (GDE) is formed when cosmic rays leave thesources where they were accelerated, diffusively propagate in the Galacticmagnetic field, and interact with the interstellar medium and interstellarradiation field. GDE in $\gamma$-ray (GDE-$\gamma$) has been observed up tosub-PeV energies, though its origin may be explained by either cosmic-raynuclei or electrons. We show that the $\gamma$-rays accompanying thehigh-energy neutrinos recently observed by the IceCube Observatory from theGalactic plane have a flux that is consistent with the GDE-$\gamma$ observed bythe {\it Fermi}-LAT and Tibet AS$\gamma$ experiments around 1 TeV and 0.5 PeV,respectively. The consistency suggests that the diffuse $\gamma$-ray emissionabove $\sim$1TeV could be dominated by hadronuclear interactions, thoughpartial leptonic contribution cannot be excluded. Moreover, by comparing thefluxes of the Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission backgrounds, we findthat the neutrino luminosity of the Milky Way is one to two orders of magnitudelower than the average of distant galaxies. This implies that our Galaxy hasnot hosted the type of neutrino emitters that dominates the isotropic neutrinobackground at least in the past few tens of kiloyears.

Milky Way as a Neutrino Desert Revealed by IceCube Galactic Plane Observation