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Faint extended elliptically-shaped ultra-diffuse galaxies and slightlybrighter and more compact dwarf elliptical and lenticular stellar systems arecommon in galaxy clusters. Their poorly constrained evolutionary paths can bestudied by identifying young ultra-diffuse galaxy and dwarf elliptical analogspopulated with bright, massive stars. Using data mining we identified 11 suchlow-mass ($2\times10^8<M_*<2\times10^9 M_{\odot}$) galaxies with largehalf-light radii ($2.0<r_e<5$ kpc) and recently quenched star formation in theComa and Abell 2147 galaxy clusters. All galaxies happen to haveram-pressure-stripped tails with signs of current or recent star formation.Deep spectroscopic observations revealed rotating stellar discs containing70-95% dark matter by mass. A large fraction of the disc stars (10-60%) formedin intense star bursts 180-970 Myr ago, probably triggered by ram pressure.Observed global gradients of stellar age corroborate this scenario. Passiveevolution in the next 10 Gyr will transform 9 of the 11 galaxies intoultra-diffuse galaxies. If we assume a constant rate of galaxy infall,44$\pm$16% of the most luminous present-day ultra-diffuse galaxies in Coma musthave formed via ram pressure stripping of disky progenitors.

Transforming gas-rich low-mass disky galaxies into ultra-diffuse galaxies by ram pressure