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The Large Magellanic Cloud is the most massive satellite galaxy of the MilkyWay, with an estimated mass exceeding a tenth of the mass of the Milky Way.Just past its closest approach of about 50 kpc, and flying by the Milky Way atan astonishing speed of 327 km/s, the Large Magellanic Cloud can affect ourGalaxy in a number of ways, including dislodging the Milky Way disc from theGalactic centre-of-mass. Here, we report evidence that the Milky Way disc ismoving with respect to stellar tracers in the outer halo ($40<r<120$ kpc) at$v_{\rm travel}=32^{+4}_{-4}$ km/s, in the direction $(\ell,b)_{\rmapex}=(56^{+9}_{-9},-34^{+10}_{-9})$ degrees, which points at an earlierlocation on the LMC trajectory. The resulting reflex motion is detected in thekinematics of outer halo stars and Milky Way satellite galaxies with accuratedistances, proper motions and line-of-sight velocities. Our results indicatethat dynamical models of our Galaxy cannot neglect gravitational perturbationsinduced by the Large Magellanic Cloud infall, nor can observations of thestellar halo be treated in a reference frame that does not correct for discreflex motion. Future spectroscopic surveys of the stellar halo combined withGaia astrometry will allow for sophisticated modelling of the Large MagellanicCloud trajectory across the Milky Way, constraining the dark matterdistribution in both galaxies with unprecedented detail.

Detection of the Milky Way reflex motion due to the Large Magellanic Cloud infall