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Lithium has confused scientists for decades at almost each scale of theuniverse. Lithium-rich giants are peculiar stars with lithium abundances overmodel prediction. A large fraction of lithium-rich low-mass evolved stars aretraditionally supposed to be red giant branch (RGB) stars. Recent studies,however, report that red clump (RC) stars are more frequent than RGB. Here, wepresent a uniquely large systematic study combining the direct asteroseismicanalysis with the spectroscopy on the lithium-rich stars. The majority oflithium-rich stars are confirmed to be RCs, whereas RGBs are minor. We revealthat the distribution of lithium-rich RGBs steeply decline with the increasinglithium abundance, showing an upper limit around 2.6 dex, whereas the Liabundances of RCs extend to much higher values. We also find that thedistributions of mass and nitrogen abundance are notably different between RCand RGB stars. These findings indicate that there is still unknown process thatsignificantly affects surface chemical composition in low-mass stellarevolution.

Most Lithium-rich Low-mass Evolved Stars Revealed as Red Clump stars by Asteroseismology and Spectroscopy