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The standard cosmological model successfully describes many observations fromwidely different epochs of the Universe, from primordial nucleosynthesis to theaccelerating expansion of the present day. However, as the basic cosmologicalparameters of the model are being determined with increasing and unprecedentedprecision, it is not guaranteed that the same model will fit more preciseobservations from widely different cosmic epochs. Discrepancies developingbetween observations at early and late cosmological time may require anexpansion of the standard model, and may lead to the discovery of new physics.The workshop "Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe" was held at theKavli Institute for Theoretical Physics on July 15-17 2019 (More details of theworkshop (including on-line presentations) are given at the website:https://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/activities/enervac-c19) to evaluate increasingevidence for these discrepancies, primarily in the value of the Hubble constantas well as ideas recently proposed to explain this tension. Multiple newobservational results for the Hubble constant were presented in the time frameof the workshop using different probes: Cepheids, strong lensing time delays,tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), megamasers, Oxygen-rich Miras and surfacebrightness fluctuations (SBF) resulting in a set of six new ones in the lastseveral months. Here we present the summary plot of the meeting that showscombining any three independent approaches to measure H$_0$ in the lateuniverse yields tension with the early Universe values between 4.0$\sigma$ and5.8$\sigma$. This shows that the discrepancy does not appear to be dependent onthe use of any one method, team, or source. Theoretical ideas to explain thediscrepancy focused on new physics in the decade of expansion precedingrecombination as the most plausible. This is a brief summary of the workshop.