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Within one billion years of the Big Bang, intergalactic hydrogen was ionizedby sources emitting ultraviolet and higher energy photons. This was the finalphenomenon to globally affect all the baryons (visible matter) in the Universe.It is referred to as cosmic reionization and is an integral component ofcosmology. It is broadly expected that intrinsically faint galaxies were theprimary ionizing sources due to their abundance in this epoch. However, at thehighest redshifts ($z>7.5$; lookback time 13.1 Gyr), all galaxies withspectroscopic confirmations to date are intrinsically bright and, therefore,not necessarily representative of the general population. Here, we report theunequivocal spectroscopic detection of a low luminosity galaxy at $z>7.5$. Wedetected the Lyman-$\alpha$ emission line at $\sim 10504$ {\AA} in two separateobservations with MOSFIRE on the Keck I Telescope and independently with theHubble Space Telescope's slit-less grism spectrograph, implying a sourceredshift of $z = 7.640 \pm 0.001$. The galaxy is gravitationally magnified bythe massive galaxy cluster MACS J1423.8+2404 ($z = 0.545$), with an estimatedintrinsic luminosity of $M_{AB} = -19.6 \pm 0.2$ mag and a stellar mass of$M_{\star} = 3.0^{+1.5}_{-0.8} \times 10^8$ solar masses. Both are an order ofmagnitude lower than the four other Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters currently known at$z > 7.5$, making it probably the most distant representative source ofreionization found to date.

Spectroscopic confirmation of an ultra-faint galaxy at the epoch of reionization