English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Yearly discharge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from combined sewer overflow (CSO) was estimated. The volume of CSO was estimated from operating data of the pumping station. In the target sewer catchment, 23% of the total of the volume of combined sewage was discharged untreated as CSO. Combined sewage contained 3-log larger  E. coli  than secondary treatment effluent although the abundance of antibiotic-resistant  E. coli  was not significantly different. In the target-combined sewer catchment, a yearly total of 4.8 × 10 16  CFU of  E. coli  was discharged from 6.1 × 10 6  m 3  of CSO, while 1.3 × 10 12  CFU of  E. coli  from 2.1 × 10 7  m 3  of effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This  E. coli  discharge was equivalent to 7.9 × 10 9  CFU/m 3  from CSO, and 6.2 × 10 4  CFU/m 3  from WWTP effluent. Consequently, a yearly total discharge of antibiotic-resistant  E. coli  from CSO was 3.7-log larger than the WWTP effluent. The small-flow CSO events, which had hourly flow rate smaller than five times of the average dry-weather flow, accounted for 43% of the total CSO volume, but 79% of the total discharge of antibiotic-resistant  E. coli  due to a small dilution factor with stormwater and frequent discharge. Reduction of small-flow CSO events would be important for effective reduction of ARB discharge from CSO.

Estimated discharge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from combined sewer overflows of urban sewage system